Wearables · Health metrics
Blood oxygen (SpO2)
Blood oxygen saturation shows how much oxygen your red blood cells carry. What normal values are, how watch and ring readings differ from medical pulse oximeters, and their limits.
Written by LON6EVITY Editorial Team · Last updated
What it is
SpO2 is the percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen. MedlinePlus explains that pulse oximetry measures it with a light sensor, usually on a finger, and that most healthy people have levels of 95% or higher.
Wearables vs medical oximeters
Watches and rings estimate SpO2 at the wrist or finger, often during sleep. Apple states that measurements from its Blood Oxygen app are designed for general fitness and wellness, not medical use.
Accuracy considerations
The FDA notes that pulse oximeter readings can be affected by factors such as poor circulation, skin pigmentation, skin thickness, skin temperature, tobacco use and nail polish.
Limitations
Wearable readings are estimates designed mainly for wellness and fitness. Accuracy varies by device, fit, skin, movement and model. They do not diagnose conditions; discuss concerning or persistent changes with a clinician.
Factors that can affect the result
- Altitude
- Fit and movement
- Skin pigmentation and temperature
- Circulation
- Lung conditions
Questions people commonly ask
- My watch showed 92% at night — should I worry?
- Brief dips can be measurement artefacts. Repeated low readings, snoring with breathing pauses or breathlessness should be discussed with a clinician.
- Can a smartwatch replace a pulse oximeter?
- No. For medical decisions, use a medical-grade device as advised by a clinician.
Related topics
Bring your health data together
What does this mean for your own health data? Log your results, follow trends over time and bring an organised summary to your next doctor's appointment.
Sources
- Pulse Oximetry. MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- Pulse Oximeters. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
- How to use the Blood Oxygen app on Apple Watch. Apple Support.